Behind The Knife: The Surgery Podcast

Please join BTK education fellow, Nina Clark, MD (University of Washington) along with Elina Serrano, MD, MPH (University of Washington) and Minerva Romero Arenas, MD (Weill Cornell Medicine) for a discussion inspired by the experience of trainees who are underrepresented in medicine.   Latino Surgical Society: https://www.latinosurgicalsociety.org/ Society of Black Academic Surgeons: https://www.sbas.net/ References:  Yeo HL, Abelson JS, Symer MM, Mao J, Michelassi F, Bell R, Sedrakyan A, Sosa JA. Association of Time to Attrition in Surgical Residency With Individual Resident and Programmatic Factors. JAMA Surg. 2018 Jun 1;153(6):511-517. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2017.6202. PMID: 29466536; PMCID: PMC5875388. McFarling, U.L. ‘It was stolen from me’: Black doctors are forced out of training programs at far higher rates than white residents. STAT. 6/20/2022. Accessed online: 10/1/2022. https://www.statnews.com/2022/06/20/black-doctors-forced-out-of-training-programs-at-far-higher-rates-than-white-residents/ Haruno LS, Chen X, Metzger M, et al. Racial and Sex Disparities in Resident Attrition Among Surgical Subspecialties. JAMA Surg. Published online February 08, 2023. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2022.7640 **Fellowship application link: https://forms.gle/PiKM2MMQpE5jSAeW7 Please visit https://behindtheknife.org to access other high-yield surgical education podcasts, videos and more.   If you liked this episode, check out other recent episodes here: https://behindtheknife.org/listen/

In this episode the Endocrine Surgery team at BTK goes over two cases to review the American Association of Endocrine Surgeons Guidelines for Adrenalectomy.  Dr. Michael Yeh is a Professor of Surgery at UCLA and serves as Section Chief of the UCLA Endocrine Surgery program which he established.  Dr. Masha Livhits is an Assistant Professor of Surgery at UCLA and works in the Endocrine Surgery Department Dr. James Wu is an Assistant Professor of Surgery at UCLA and works in the Endocrine Surgery Department  Dr. Na Eun Kim is an Endocrine Surgery Fellow at UCLA in his first year of fellowship Dr. Rivfka Shenoy is a PGY-5 General Surgery Resident at UCLA who has completed two years of research  Dr. Max Schumm is a PGY-5 General Surgery Resident at UCLA who has completed two years of research. He is a future endocrine surgeon.  Important Papers  Yip L, Duh QY, Wachtel H, Jimenez C, Sturgeon C, Lee C, Velázquez-Fernández D, Berber E, Hammer GD, Bancos I, Lee JA, Marko J, Morris-Wiseman LF, Hughes MS, Livhits MJ, Han MA, Smith PW, Wilhelm S, Asa SL, Fahey TJ 3rd, McKenzie TJ, Strong VE, Perrier ND. American Association of Endocrine Surgeons Guidelines for Adrenalectomy: Executive Summary. JAMA Surg. 2022 Oct 1;157(10):870-877. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2022.3544. PMID: 35976622; PMCID: PMC9386598. Schumm M, Hu MY, Sant V, Kim J, Tseng CH, Sanz J, Raman S, Yu R, Livhits M. Automated extraction of incidental adrenal nodules from electronic health records. Surgery. 2023 Jan;173(1):52-58. doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2022.07.028. Epub 2022 Oct 4. PMID: 36207197. M. Conall Dennedy, Anand K. Annamalai, Olivia Prankerd-Smith, Natalie Freeman, Kuhan Vengopal, Johann Graggaber, Olympia Koulouri, Andrew S. Powlson, Ashley Shaw, David J. Halsall, Mark Gurnell, Low DHEAS: A Sensitive and Specific Test for the Detection of Subclinical Hypercortisolism in Adrenal Incidentalomas, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Volume 102, Issue 3, 1 March 2017, Pages 786–792, https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2016-2718 Amar, L., Pacak, K., Steichen, O. et al. International consensus on initial screening and follow-up of asymptomatic SDHx mutation carriers. Nat Rev Endocrinol 17, 435–444 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-021-00492-3 **Fellowship application link: https://forms.gle/PiKM2MMQpE5jSAeW7 Please visit https://behindtheknife.org to access other high-yield surgical education podcasts, videos and more.   If you liked this episode, check out other endocrine episodes here: https://behindtheknife.org/podcast-category/endocrine/

In this episode the Critical Care BTK Team tackles nutrition in the ICU. High-yield journal articles will be presented, discussed, and reviewed. ICU nutrition myths will be busted, and listeners will learn about enteral nutrition, parenteral nutrition and other ICU nutrition pearls. References 1.         Casaer, M.P., et al., Early versus Late Parenteral Nutrition in Critically Ill Adults. New England Journal of Medicine, 2011. 365(6): p. 506-517. 2.         Compher, C., et al., Guidelines for the provision of nutrition support therapy in the adult critically ill patient: The American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 2022. 46(1): p. 12-41. 3.         McClave, S.A., et al., Guidelines for the Provision and Assessment of Nutrition Support Therapy in the Adult Critically Ill Patient. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 2016. 40(2): p. 159-211. Please visit https://behindtheknife.org to access other high-yield surgical education podcasts, videos and more.   If you liked this episode, check out other Surgical Critical Care episodes here: https://behindtheknife.org/podcast-category/surgical-critical-care/

In the third episode of the “Innovations in Surgery” series, Behind the Knife’s surgery education fellow, Dan Scheese, sits down with Adam Sachs and Dr. Igor Belyansky to discuss the current state and future of surgical robotics. They discuss the start up of Vicarious Surgical and how they are working to improve the current state of surgical robotics with their innovative ideas.  Link for the Vicarious Surgical website which includes a short video demonstration of their single port design: https://www. vicarioussurgical.com/ Adam Sachs is the CEO and Co-founder of Vicarious surgical, a surgical robotics company founded in 2014. As an MIT trained roboticist, Adam has combined his passion for robots with this passion for helping patients and enhancing the work environment for surgeons through the development of proprietary surgical robotics.  Dr. Igor Belyanksy, an internationally-recognized expert in the field of abdominal wall reconstruction and complex laparoscopic and robotic hernia repair. Dr. Belyansky has earned his medical degree from Virginia Commonwealth University, completed his residency at MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, and completed a minimally invasive fellowship at Carolinas Medical Center. Dr. Belyanksy is currently the Medical Director of Anne Arundel Medical Center in Annapolis Maryland. Please visit https://behindtheknife.org to access other high-yield surgical education podcasts, videos and more.   If you liked this episode, check out other Innovations in Surgery episodes here: https://behindtheknife.org/podcast-series/innovations-in-surgery/

You have a patient who underwent local excision of a rectal cancer. Final pathology demonstrates a T2 lesion. What is the rate of local recurrence? Is excision alone sufficient? Should the patient undergo radical resection or should chemoradiation be offered? Tune in to find out! Join Drs. Peter Marcello, Jonathan Abelson, Tess Aulet and special guest Dr. Jose Guillem MD, MPH, MBA as they discuss high yield papers discussing local excision for Rectal Cancer. You may follow along with the slides mentioned in this episode here: https://behindtheknife.org/video/journal-review-in-colorectal-surgery-local-excision-for-rectal-cancer/ Learning Objectives 1. Describe the features that increase risk of lymph node involvement in early stage rectal cancer 2. Discuss the different options for management of early-stage rectal cancer 3. Describe patient related factors that favor local excision of rectal cancer References: Kidane B, Chadi SA, Kanters S, Colquhoun PH, Ott MC. Local resection compared with radical resection in the treatment of T1N0M0 rectal adenocarcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dis Colon Rectum. 2015 Jan;58(1):122-40. doi: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000000293. PMID: 25489704. Garcia-Aguilar J, Renfro LA, Chow OS, Shi Q, Carrero XW, Lynn PB, Thomas CR Jr, Chan E, Cataldo PA, Marcet JE, Medich DS, Johnson CS, Oommen SC, Wolff BG, Pigazzi A, McNevin SM, Pons RK, Bleday R. Organ preservation for clinical T2N0 distal rectal cancer using neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and local excision (ACOSOG Z6041): results of an open-label, single-arm, multi-institutional, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2015 Nov;16(15):1537-1546. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(15)00215-6. Epub 2015 Oct 22. PMID: 26474521; PMCID: PMC4984260. Friel CM, Cromwell JW, Marra C, Madoff RD, Rothenberger DA, Garcia-Aguílar J. Salvage radical surgery after failed local excision for early rectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum. 2002 Jul;45(7):875-9. doi: 10.1007/s10350-004-6320-z. PMID: 12130873. Nascimbeni R, Burgart LJ, Nivatvongs S, Larson DR. Risk of lymph node metastasis in T1 carcinoma of the colon and rectum. Dis Colon Rectum. 2002 Feb;45(2):200-6. doi: 10.1007/s10350-004-6147-7. PMID: 11852333. O'Neill CH, Platz J, Moore JS, Callas PW, Cataldo PA. Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery for Early Rectal Cancer: A Single-Center Experience. Dis Colon Rectum. 2017 Feb;60(2):152-160. doi: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000000764. PMID: 28059911.  Please visit https://behindtheknife.org to access other high-yield surgical education podcasts, videos and more.   If you liked this episode, check out other colorectal episodes here: https://behindtheknife.org/podcast-category/colorectal/

DO NOT MISS THIS EPISODE! Need a little inspiration? Tune in for Dave's story. Links from the show:  Chasing My Cure: https://chasingmycure.com/ CDCN: https://cdcn.org/ Every Cure: https://everycure.org/ AMF: https://healgrief.org/actively-moving-forward/young-adult-grief/ David Fajgenbaum, MD, MBA, MSc, FCPP, is an Assistant Professor of Medicine in Translational Medicine & Human Genetics at the University of Pennsylvania, Founding Director of the Center for Cytokine Storm Treatment & Laboratory (CSTL), Associate Director, Patient Impact of the Penn Orphan Disease Center, and Co-Founder/President of the Castleman Disease Collaborative Network (CDCN) and co-founder of Every Cure. He is also the national bestselling author of 'Chasing My Cure: A Doctor's Race to Turn Hope Into Action' and a patient battling idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD). He is in his longest remission ever thanks to a precision treatment that he identified, which had never been used before for iMCD. He has also identified and/or advanced 9 other treatment approaches for iMCD and cancer.  One of the youngest individuals ever appointed to the faculty at Penn Medicine and in the top 1 percent youngest awardees of an NIH R01 grant, Fajgenbaum has published scientific papers in high-impact journals such as the New England Journal of Medicine, Journal of Clinical Investigation, and Lancet, been recognized with awards such as the 2016 Atlas Award along with then Vice President Joe Biden, and profiled in a cover story by The New York Times as well as by Good Morning America, CNN, Forbes 30 Under 30, and the Today Show. An authority on cytokine storms and their treatment, Fajgenbaum currently leads over 20 translational research studies including the CORONA Project, which is the world’s largest effort to identify, track, and advance COVID-19 treatments. He also serves on the Board of Directors for the Reagan-Udall Foundation for the FDA, co-Chair of the Advisory Board for the CURE Drug Repurposing Collaboratory, and co-Chair of the Scientific Advisory Board for the CDCN.  Dr. Fajgenbaum earned a BS in Human Sciences with Distinction from Georgetown University, where he was USA Today Academic All-USA First Team and a Quarterback on the Division I football team, a MSc in Public Health from the University of Oxford as the 2007 Joseph L. Allbritton Scholar, a MD from the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, where he was a 21st Century Gamble Scholar, and a MBA from The Wharton School, where he was awarded the Joseph Wharton Award, Core Value Leadership Award, Kissick Scholarship, Wharton Business Plan Competition Social Impact Prize, Eilers Health Care Management Award, Mandel Fellowship, and Commencement Speaker. Please visit https://behindtheknife.org to access other high-yield surgical education podcasts, videos and more.   If you liked this episode, check out our other recent episodes here: https://behindtheknife.org/listen/

How do we actually improve wellness?  How do surgery trainees advocate for themselves as both learners and employees?  In this final surgical education episode with Matt Chia MD MS and Karl Bilimoria MD MS, we review two articles discussing unions and wellness in surgical training.  We’re joined by Meg Smith MD MS, Brian Brajcich MD MS, and Darci Foote MD MS to tackle this difficult topic and open the discussion for what’s next in surgical education. Learning Objectives: ·       Identify potential benefits and limitations of unionization in surgery training ·       Describe strategies used by program leadership to improve wellness in surgery References: National Evaluation of the Association Between Resident Labor Union Participation and Surgical Resident Well-being https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.23412  How Program Directors Understand General Surgery Resident Wellness - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsurg.2022.07.022  Please visit https://behindtheknife.org to access other high-yield surgical education podcasts, videos and more.   If you liked this episode, check out other surgical education episodes here: https://behindtheknife.org/podcast-category/surgical-education/

Join the Behind the Knife HPB team as we dive deeper into the complex world of IPMNs with a journal article review of a recent JAMA Surgery publication and the first author of the article! Learning Objectives: In this episode, we discuss the article, “Progression vs Cyst Stability of Branch-Duct Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms After Observation and Surgery.”  This article describes a multicenter retrospective study of centers in Italy, Korea, Singapore, and the US that specifically assessed what dynamic variables are associated with malignant progression in pathologically proven IMPNs under at least a year of initial surveillance.  Hosts: Timothy Vreeland, MD, FACS (@vreelant) is an Assistant Professor of Surgery at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and Surgical Oncologist at Brooke Army Medical Center Daniel Nelson, DO, FACS (@DWNelsonHPB) is an Associate Professor of Surgery at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and Surgical Oncologist at William Beaumont Army Medical Center Connor Chick, MD (@connor_chick) is a PGY-6 General Surgery resident at Brooke Army Medical Center Lexy (Alexandra) Adams, MD, MPH (@lexyadams16) is a PGY-5 General Surgery resident at Brooke Army Medical Center Beth Carpenter, MD (@elizcarpenter16) is a PGY-4 General Surgery resident at Brooke Army Medical Center Guest:  Dr. Giovanni Marchegiani is a pancreas surgeon within the department of general and pancreatic surgery at the University of Verona in Italy.  His research interests include exocrine and cystic neoplasms of the pancreas.  He is the first author of the study discussed in the episode in addition to over 100 additional scientific, peer-reviewed articles. Journal Article: 1.     Marchegiani G, Pollini T, Andrianello S, et al. Progression vs Cyst Stability of Branch-Duct Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms After Observation and Surgery. JAMA Surg. 2021;156(7):654–661. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2021.1802 Please visit https://behindtheknife.org to access other high-yield surgical education podcasts, videos and more.   If you liked this episode, check out other HPB episodes here: https://behindtheknife.org/podcast-category/hepatobiliary/

Our Vascular Surgery Oral Board Audio Review includes 72 high-yield scenarios that cover the majority of the VSCORE topics designed for Vascular Surgeons by Vascular Surgeons.   Scenarios are 5 to 7 minutes long and include a variety of tactics and styles. If you are able to achieve this level of performance in your preparation you are sure to pass the oral exam with flying colors. The second part introduces high-yield commentary to each scenario. This commentary includes tips and tricks to help you dominate the most challenging scenarios in addition to practical, easy-to-understand teaching that covers the most confusing topics we face as vascular surgeons. We are confident you will find this unique, dual format approach a highly effective way to prepare for the test. Learn more about the full set of 24 scenarios here: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/vascular-surgery-oral-review/ Our Vascular Surgery Oral Board Book is available on Amazon here: https://www.amazon.com/Vascular-Surgery-Oral-Board-Review/dp/0578382296/ref=sr_1_4?crid=VUNDNTCJOH8M&keywords=behind+the+knife&qid=1675087641&sprefix=behind+the+knif%2Caps%2C82&sr=8-4&ufe=app_do%3Aamzn1.fos.f5122f16-c3e8-4386-bf32-63e904010ad0 Please visit behindtheknife.org to access other high-yield surgical education podcasts, videos and more.  

Our Vascular Surgery Oral Board Audio Review includes 72 high-yield scenarios that cover the majority of the VSCORE topics designed for Vascular Surgeons by Vascular Surgeons.   Scenarios are 5 to 7 minutes long and include a variety of tactics and styles. If you are able to achieve this level of performance in your preparation you are sure to pass the oral exam with flying colors. The second part introduces high-yield commentary to each scenario. This commentary includes tips and tricks to help you dominate the most challenging scenarios in addition to practical, easy-to-understand teaching that covers the most confusing topics we face as vascular surgeons. We are confident you will find this unique, dual format approach a highly effective way to prepare for the test. Learn more about the full set of 24 scenarios here: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/vascular-surgery-oral-review/ Our Vascular Surgery Oral Board Book is available on Amazon here: https://www.amazon.com/Vascular-Surgery-Oral-Board-Review/dp/0578382296/ref=sr_1_4?crid=VUNDNTCJOH8M&keywords=behind+the+knife&qid=1675087641&sprefix=behind+the+knif%2Caps%2C82&sr=8-4&ufe=app_do%3Aamzn1.fos.f5122f16-c3e8-4386-bf32-63e904010ad0 Please visit behindtheknife.org to access other high-yield surgical education podcasts, videos and more.  

Surgery is a contact sport and can cause injuries that prevent us from taking care of our patients and even threaten our careers. Join Drs. Mike Weykamp, Nicole White, Nick Cetrulo, and Andrew Wright for a discussion on the ergonomic challenges of open, laparoscopic, and robotic surgery as well as some tips, tricks, and resources on how to protect yourself and your practice.  *We apologize for some distracting background noise throughout the episode.* Referenced Articles & Websites:  1.     Wells, A. C., Kjellman, M., Harper, S. J., Forsman, M., & Hallbeck, M. S. (2019). Operating hurts: a study of EAES surgeons. Surgical endoscopy, 33, 933-940. 2.     Davis, W. T., Fletcher, S. A., & Guillamondegui, O. D. (2014). Musculoskeletal occupational injury among surgeons: effects for patients, providers, and institutions. Journal of surgical research, 189(2), 207-212. 3.     Wright, A.S. Ergonomic Injury and Surgery: The Hidden Epidemic.  Harkins Symposium at The University of Washington. October 21, 2022. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o1G1qGj4WaA  4.     The Society of Surgical Ergonomics. https://www.societyofsurgicalergonomics.org/  5.     OR Stretch. https://www.mayo.edu/research/labs/human-factors-engineering/or-stretch/or-stretch-videos   Please visit https://behindtheknife.org to access other high-yield surgical education podcasts, videos and more.   If you liked this episode, check out other MIS episodes here: https://behindtheknife.org/podcast-category/minimally-invasive/

Vascular surgery is full of awesome anatomy and big open vessel exposures, but endovascular surgery is here to stay and can be hard to get into, particularly as a learner. The basics of endovascular surgery share very little with the basics of open surgery and getting up to speed can be a big challenge. This episode is an introduction to all things endovascular surgery, from wires, catheters and sheaths to balloons and stents. Take a listen to get up to speed quickly in prep for an upcoming vascular rotation and skip the pain of trying to follow your attendings words so you can instead pay attention to the actual case. Dr. Frank Davis is an Assistant Professor of Vascular Surgery at the University of Michigan. Dr. Craig Brown is a PGY-7 in the General Surgery program and the upcoming 2023 vascular surgery fellow at the University of Michigan. Check out the accompanying video for this episode available here: https://behindtheknife.org/video-playlists/podcast-clips/ Ad referenced in episode: A team at the Brooke Army Medical Center is working to better define proficiency-based metrics for competency in commonly performed robotic general surgery procedures. If you are a general surgery resident or practicing surgeon who performs robotic assisted cholecystectomies or inguinal hernia repairs,  reach out to the PI, Robert Laverty, MD, at rblaverty@gmail.com for more information on how you could be compensated $500 per video submitted of each (up to $1000 per surgeon). To check out our Vascular Surgery Oral Board Audio Review and Book, please visit: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/ Please visit https://behindtheknife.org to access other high-yield surgical education podcasts, videos and more.  

Interview season is over! There’s just one last hurdle in this residency application process to overcome- ranking and matching! Join our education fellow, Dr. Jessica Millar, and Dr. Charles Friel as they pull back the curtain on the ranking process and discuss how tooptimize your success in the match!  Guest: Charles Friel, MD- Professor of Colorectal Surgery, Surgical Director - Digestive Center of Excellence, Chief - Section of Colon & Rectal Surgery, and General Surgery Residency Program Director- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA “How the NRMP Matching Algorithm Works”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kvgfgGmemdA&list=PLr0LH_NifZSpvQTwTqXVYn9jXfUKOTFN6&index=11 Important Dates  1.     Ranking opens 2/1 at 12PM  2.     Rank lists are due 3/1 at 9PM  3.     Match status available 3/13 at 10AM   4.     Match day results available 3/17 at 12PM EST Please visit https://behindtheknife.org to access other high-yield surgical education podcasts, videos and more.   If you liked this episode, check out the rest of our “Dominate the Match Series” here: https://behindtheknife.org/podcast-series/medical-student-and-intern-survival-guide/

In this episode, our team discusses the recent paper from JAMA Surgery Association of Whole Blood With Survival Among Patients Presenting With Severe Hemorrhage in US and Canadian Adult Civilian Trauma Centers. Join us as we explore some of the history of blood transfusions, how we got to where we are today, and the role whole blood transfusion may play going forward Hosts:  Elliott R. Haut, MD, PhD, a senior, nationally recognized name in trauma and acute care surgery at Johns Hopkins University. Dr. Haut is a past president of The Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma (EAST) and editor-in-chief of Trauma Surgery and Acute Care Open. Marcie Feinman, MD, MEHP, the current program director of General Surgery Residency at Sinai Hospital of Baltimore and editorial board member of SCORE. She received her Masters in Education in the Health Professions from Johns Hopkins.  David Sigmon, MD, MMEd, a PGY-7 resident at the University of Illinois at Chicago who will be a fellow at Lincoln Medical Center in the Bronx next year. He did two years of research in surgical education at the University of Pennsylvania where he also received his Master’s in Medical Education.  LITERATURE Torres CM, Kent A, Scantling D, Joseph B, Haut ER, Sakran JV. Association of whole blood with survival among patients presenting with severe hemorrhage in US and Canadian adult civilian trauma centers. JAMA Surg. Published online January 18, 2023.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36652255/ Sperry JL, Guyette FX, Brown JB, et al. Prehospital plasma during air medical transport in trauma patients at risk for hemorrhagic shock. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(4):315-326. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30044935/   Moore HB, Moore EE, Chapman MP, et al. Plasma-first resuscitation to treat haemorrhagic shock during emergency ground transportation in an urban area: a randomised trial. Lancet. 2018;392(10144):283-291. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30032977/   Cannon JW, Khan MA, Raja AS, et al. Damage control resuscitation in patients with severe traumatic hemorrhage: A practice management guideline from the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2017;82(3):605-617. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28225743/   Howley IW, Haut ER, Jacobs L, Morrison JJ, Scalea TM. Is thromboelastography (Teg)-based resuscitation better than empirical 1:1 transfusion? Trauma Surg Acute Care Open. 2018;3(1):e000140. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29766129/   Guyette FX, Brown JB, Zenati MS, et al. Tranexamic acid during prehospital transport in patients at risk for hemorrhage after injury: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. JAMA Surg. 2020;156(1):11-20. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33016996/   Smart BJ, Haring RS, Zogg CK, et al. A faculty-student mentoring program to enhance collaboration in public health research in surgery. JAMA Surg. 2017;152(3):306-308. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27973649/   National Academies of Sciences E. A National Trauma Care System: Integrating Military and Civilian Trauma Systems to Achieve Zero Preventable Deaths after Injury.; 2016. https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23511/a-national-trauma-care-system-integrating-military-and-civilian-trauma   Braverman MA, Smith A, Pokorny D, et al. Prehospital whole blood reduces early mortality in patients with hemorrhagic shock. Transfusion. 2021;61 Suppl 1:S15-S21.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34269467/ **Specialty team application link - https://forms.gle/DwrRcMYDaP3a3LaQA Please email hello@behindtheknife.org with any questions. Please visit https://behindtheknife.org to access other high-yield surgical education podcasts, videos and more.   If you liked this episode, check out other trauma episodes here: https://behindtheknife.org/podcast-category/trauma/

**Specialty team application link - https://forms.gle/DwrRcMYDaP3a3LaQA Please email hello@behindtheknife.org with any questions.

Join Patrick Georgoff and Kevin Kniery for a special conversation with the king and queen of medical comedy Dr. Will Flanary, aka Dr. Glaucomflecken (@drglaucomflecken), and Kristin Flanary, aka Lady Glaucomflecken (@Lglaucomflecken).  Will is a practicing ophthalmologist and social media personality with over 4 million followers. During his 3rd year of medical school, he was diagnosed with testicular cancer, and he began using humor as a coping mechanism. Following a second bout with cancer three years into his medical career, he created a Twitter account under the pseudonym "Dr. Glaucomflecken"— because it is arguably the funniest word in ophthalmology. A cardiac event and near-death experience in 2020 only fueled his creativity. Kristin is formally trained in cognitive neuroscience and social psychology and now works in marketing and communications. Kristin is best known internationally as her social media alter ego, “Lady Glaucomflecken,” where she shares stories from her unique perspective of the healthcare system. She has been a patient, "married to medicine" through the entire medical training journey and beyond, a lay responder and CPR provider to her husband, and a caregiver and "co-survivor" of his two cancer occurrences and a sudden cardiac arrest. And, if that’s not enough, they also have a brand-new podcast called Knock, Knock – Hi! where they discuss quirky and unexpectedly hilarious medical stories.  Check out their website here: https://glaucomflecken.com/ **Specialty team application link - https://forms.gle/DwrRcMYDaP3a3LaQA Please email hello@behindtheknife.org with any questions. Please visit https://behindtheknife.org to access other high-yield surgical education podcasts, videos and more.   If you liked this episode, check out our library of episodes here: https://behindtheknife.org/listen/

Did you miss this year’s Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma meeting?  Don’t sweat it!  Behind the Knife has got you covered.  In this episode we discuss “Scientific Papers that Should Change Your Practice” with EAST manuscript and literature committee members Drs. Laura Brown (@laurarbrownMD), Brittany Bankhead (@bbankheadMD), and Julia Coleman (@juliacolemanMD).   Universal blunt cerebrovascular screening?  Early renal replacement therapy?  Artificial intelligence in emergency general surgery?  This episode is PACKED with high-yield material.   To learn more about all the good things happening at EAST visit www.east.org.  Papers discussed:  1.     Do not forget the platelets: The independent impact of red blood cell to platelet ratio on mortality in massively transfused trauma patients (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35313325/) 2.     The 35-mm rule to guide pneumothorax management: Increases appropriate observation and decreases unnecessary chest tubes (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35125448/) 3.     Timing of thromboprophylaxis in patients with blunt abdominal solid organ injuries undergoing nonoperative management (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33048907/) 4.     Universal screening for blunt cerebrovascular injury (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33502144/) 5.     A three-step support strategy for relatives of patients during in the intensive care unit: a cluster randomized trial (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35065008/) 6.     Hypothermia versus Normothermia after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34133859/) 7.     Timing of Initiation of Renal-Replacement Therapy in Acute Kidney Injury (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32668114/) 8.     Disparities in Spatial Access to Emergency Surgical Services in the US (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36239953/) 9.     Validation of the AI-based Predictive Optimal Trees in Emergency Surgery Risk (POTTER) Calculator in Patients 65 Years and Older (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33378309/) 10.  Accuracy of Risk Estimation for Surgeons Versus Risk Calculators in Emergency General Surgery (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35594615/) **Specialty team application link - https://forms.gle/DwrRcMYDaP3a3LaQA Please email hello@behindtheknife.org with any questions. Please visit https://behindtheknife.org to access other high-yield surgical education podcasts, videos and more.   If you liked this episode, check out other trauma episodes here: https://behindtheknife.org/podcast-category/trauma/

Please join Drs. Brian Gray, Amanda Jensen, and Manisha Bhatia from Indiana University as they discuss Hirschsprung disease in regard to variability of the transition zone and surgical operative and pathologic diagnosis reporting in pediatric surgery. Journal Article links:  Veras LV, Arnold M, Avansino JR, Bove K, Cowles RA, Durham MM, et al. Guidelines for synoptic reporting of surgery and pathology in Hirschsprung disease. J Pediatr Surg 2019;54(10):2017-23. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30935730/ Thakkar HS, Blackburn S, Curry J, De Coppi P, Giuliani S, Sebire N, et al. Variability of the transition zone length in Hirschsprung disease. J Pediatr Surg 2020;55(1):63-6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31706615/ Coyle D, O'Donnell AM, Tomuschat C, Gillick J, Puri P. The Extent of the Transition Zone in Hirschsprung Disease. J Pediatr Surg 2019;54(11):2318-24. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31079866/ **Specialty team application link - https://forms.gle/DwrRcMYDaP3a3LaQA Please email hello@behindtheknife.org with any questions. Please visit https://behindtheknife.org to access other high-yield surgical education podcasts, videos and more.   If you liked this episode, check out other pediatric surgery episodes here: https://behindtheknife.org/podcast-category/pediatric/

Join the Surgical Oncology team from UTSouthwestern and the University of Miami as they tackle a case of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma along with the data guiding current treatment paradigms. Listen in as they also review recent clinical trials changing the options available for patients with this dismal biliary tract cancer. Learning Objectives:  In this episode, we review the workup and diagnostic approach to intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with emphasis on the role and benefits of biopsy, lymphadenectomy, operative approach, and the current treatment strategies involving chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies against actionable mutations. Hosts:  Adam Yopp, MD, FACS (@AdamYopp) is an Associate Professor of Surgery at the UT Southwestern Medical Center and is Chief of the Division of Surgical Oncology. He also serves as Surgical Director of the Liver Tumor Program. Caitlin Hester, MD (@CaitlinAHester) is a recent graduate of the MD Anderson Complex General Surgical Oncology fellowship and is now a new faculty member in the Division of Surgical Oncology within the Sylvester Cancer Center at the University of Miami where she specializes in surgery for cancers of the liver, pancreas, and other gastrointestinal sites.  Gilbert Murimwa, MD (@GilbertZMurimwa) is a PGY-4 Research Fellow and General Surgery Resident at the UT Southwestern Medical Center. He is studying the pancreatic tumor microenvironment and targeted therapies in the lab of Rolf Brekken within the Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research. **Specialty team application link - https://forms.gle/DwrRcMYDaP3a3LaQA Please email hello@behindtheknife.org with any questions. Please visit https://behindtheknife.org to access other high-yield surgical education podcasts, videos and more.   If you liked this episode, check out other surgical oncology episodes here: https://behindtheknife.org/podcast-category/surgical-oncology/

Who is a candidate for metabolic and bariatric surgery and what has changed in the past 30 years? Find out in this review! Journal articles: Bariatric Surgery versus Intensive Medical Therapy for Diabetes – 5 Year Outcomes. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28199805/. Association of Metabolic Surgery with Major Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31475297/. Weight Loss and Health Status 3 Years after Bariatric Surgery in Adolescents. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26544725/. 2022 American Society of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (ASMBS) and International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders (IFSO) Indications for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36336720/. **Specialty team application link - https://forms.gle/DwrRcMYDaP3a3LaQA Please email hello@behindtheknife.org with any questions. Please visit https://behindtheknife.org to access other high-yield surgical education podcasts, videos and more.   If you liked this episode, check out other bariatric surgery episodes here: https://behindtheknife.org/podcast/clinical-challenges-in-bariatric-surgery-revisional-bariatric-surgery/