Revenge of the Miasma
Digest
This podcast episode, hosted by Laptop Noster and Lula Miller, features Carl Zimmer and discusses the history of aerobiology, beginning with the work of Fred Meyer, a plant pathologist who discovered a new airborne fungus in 1915. The episode then explores the historical conflict between miasma theory (disease from bad air) and germ theory, highlighting the resistance to accepting airborne disease transmission despite early evidence. The podcast uses the significant COVID-19 outbreak among a choir in Washington's Skagit Valley as a case study. This outbreak served as compelling evidence for airborne transmission, ultimately leading to a reassessment of public health strategies and a greater understanding of the role of airborne transmission in disease spread. The episode also touches upon the often-overlooked contributions of early researchers like William and Mildred Wells.
Outlines

The History of Aerobiology and Early Discoveries
The podcast introduces aerobiology, highlighting the pioneering work of Fred Meyer and the early challenges in understanding airborne disease transmission, contrasting miasma and germ theories.

The Evolution of Airborne Disease Theory and Early Resistance
This section details the historical debate between miasma and germ theory, emphasizing the slow acceptance of airborne transmission and the obstacles faced by early researchers.

The Skagit Valley Choir Outbreak and its Impact
The episode focuses on the Skagit Valley choir COVID-19 outbreak, illustrating the power of airborne transmission and its impact on public health understanding and response.
Keywords
Aerobiology
The study of airborne organisms and their impact on ecosystems and human health.
Airborne Transmission
The spread of infectious diseases through the air via aerosols.
Miasma Theory
An outdated theory attributing disease to bad air.
Germ Theory
The theory that many diseases are caused by microorganisms.
COVID-19
A respiratory illness caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, highlighting the importance of airborne transmission.
Skagit Valley Choir Outbreak
A significant COVID-19 outbreak providing strong evidence for airborne transmission.
Fred Meyer
A pioneering plant pathologist who made early discoveries in aerobiology.
William and Mildred Wells
Early researchers who studied airborne transmission in animals.
Q&A
What is aerobiology, and why is it important?
Aerobiology is the study of airborne organisms and their impact. Its importance is highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic, demonstrating the significance of airborne transmission in disease spread.
How did the miasma theory influence our understanding of disease transmission?
The miasma theory delayed the acceptance of germ theory and the crucial role of airborne transmission, hindering progress in understanding and preventing airborne diseases.
What role did the Skagit Valley choir outbreak play in changing our understanding of COVID-19 transmission?
The outbreak provided strong evidence for airborne transmission of COVID-19, forcing a reassessment of public health guidelines.
What were some of the challenges faced by early researchers studying airborne disease transmission?
Early researchers faced skepticism, resistance from established authorities, and a lack of sophisticated technology. Their work was often overlooked.
Show Notes
Today we uncover an invisible killer hidden, for over a hundred years, by reasonable disbelief. Science journalist extraordinaire Carl Zimmer tells us the story of a centuries-long battle of ideas that came to a head, with tragic consequences, in the very recent past. His latest book, called Airborne, details a largely forgotten history of science that never quite managed to get off the ground. Along the way, Carl helps us understand how we can fail, over and over again, to see a truth right in front of our faces. And how we finally came around thanks to scientific evidence hidden inside a song.
EPISODE CREDITS:
Reported by - Carl Zimmer
Produced by - Sarah Qari
with mixing help from - Jeremy Bloom
Fact-checking by - Natalie Middleton
EPISODE CITATIONS:
Books - Check out Carl Zimmer’s new book, Airborne (https://zpr.io/Q5bdYrubcwE4).
Articles - Read about the study on the Skagit Valley Chorale COVID superspreading event (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32979298/).
Signup for our newsletter!! It includes short essays, recommendations, and details about other ways to interact with the show. Sign up (https://radiolab.org/newsletter)!
Radiolab is supported by listeners like you. Support Radiolab by becoming a member of The Lab (https://members.radiolab.org/) today.
Follow our show on Instagram, Twitter and Facebook @radiolab, and share your thoughts with us by emailing radiolab@wnyc.org.
Leadership support for Radiolab’s science programming is provided by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Science Sandbox, a Simons Foundation Initiative, and the John Templeton Foundation. Foundational support for Radiolab was provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation.
Hi Radiolab listeners, we want to hear from you! Take this podcast survey and let us know how you feel about the show. It only takes about 20 minutes and your feedback will help us make our podcast better! There are no wrong answers, we want your honest takes. You can help out by taking the survey here (www.radiolab.org/survey).
























