Scripts for difficult conversations: Giving hard feedback, navigating defensiveness, the three questions you should end every meeting with, more | Alisa Cohn (executive coach)
Digest
This podcast episode offers practical advice and scripts for handling challenging workplace situations, from performance reviews and promotions to terminations. It emphasizes the importance of clear communication, focusing on observable facts rather than personal judgments. The episode also explores effective leadership styles, contrasting a results-oriented approach with one solely focused on employee happiness. Strategies for improving meeting efficiency and fostering alignment among co-founders (through a "founder prenup") are discussed. The importance of understanding and proactively addressing conflict resolution styles and company culture is highlighted, along with the use of "personal operating manuals" to improve team dynamics. The episode concludes with personal anecdotes illustrating the value of learning from failures and a quick Q&A session.
Outlines

Difficult Conversations & Team Dynamics
This section covers delivering difficult news, including performance reviews, promotions, and terminations. It provides scripts and emphasizes clarity, empathy, focusing on facts, and addressing potential pushback. The importance of understanding individual conflict resolution styles and proactive communication is stressed.

Leadership & Results-Driven Culture
This section challenges the notion that a leader's primary role is to make employees happy, arguing that focusing on results creates a winning culture. It discusses shifting focus from employee happiness to achieving results and setting clear expectations.

Effective Meetings & Actionable Outcomes
This section focuses on improving meeting efficiency by using three key questions to ensure clear action items and accountability: What was decided? Who's responsible? Who needs to know?

Founder Prenup & Aligning Co-founder Values
This section introduces the "founder prenup," a tool for aligning co-founders' values, vision, and conflict resolution strategies before launching a business.

Navigating Conflict & Decision-Making Processes
This section explores methods for resolving disagreements within a team, including prioritizing invested members' perspectives or alternating decision-making power. The importance of preemptively discussing these processes is stressed.

Defining Company Culture & Addressing Process Problems
This section discusses the significance of aligning on company culture before founding a company and identifying when team challenges stem from process issues rather than a lack of patience.

Personal Operating Manuals & Team Dynamics
This section expands on team dynamics, introducing the concept of a "personal operating manual" to improve communication and understanding of individual work styles.

Lightning Round: Q&A and Resources
This final segment features a rapid-fire Q&A and information on how to connect with the guest.
Keywords
Difficult Conversations
Strategies and scripts for delivering challenging feedback, including performance reviews, promotions, and terminations. Emphasizes clarity, empathy, and focusing on observable facts.
Performance Feedback
Providing constructive criticism to improve employee performance. Focuses on observable behaviors, avoiding personal judgments, and offering clear action steps for improvement.
Leadership Styles
Exploring different leadership approaches, contrasting the focus on employee happiness versus driving results. Emphasizes the importance of setting clear expectations and holding employees accountable.
Founder Prenup
A framework of questions for co-founders to discuss before starting a business, ensuring alignment on values, vision, and conflict resolution. Aims to prevent future conflicts and improve team dynamics.
Meeting Effectiveness
Techniques for improving meeting productivity, including focusing on decision-making, assigning clear action items, and ensuring communication of decisions to relevant stakeholders.
Conflict Resolution
Different approaches to handling disagreements, understanding individual styles is crucial for effective teamwork.
Company Culture
The shared values, beliefs, and behaviors within an organization. Aligning on company culture is vital for team cohesion and success.
Co-founder Agreement
A preemptive agreement between co-founders outlining roles, responsibilities, decision-making processes, and conflict resolution strategies to prevent future disputes.
Personal Operating Manual
A document outlining an individual's work style, communication preferences, pet peeves, and delegation style to improve team collaboration and understanding.
Q&A
What are the key elements of a script for delivering difficult performance feedback?
Start by stating the purpose. Focus on observable behaviors and data. Clearly state expectations and desired changes, offering support. Be prepared to pause if emotions escalate.
How can leaders shift their focus from employee happiness to achieving results?
By establishing a clear vision, setting expectations, and holding employees accountable. A results-oriented culture fosters a sense of shared purpose and accomplishment.
What are the most crucial questions to address in a "founder prenup"?
Clarify core values, define the vision for the company's success, and establish a plan for handling conflict.
How can the three questions for ending meetings improve team productivity?
These questions (What was decided? Who does what by when? Who needs to know?) create clear action items, assign responsibility, and ensure information dissemination.
Why is it important to address potential employee pushback during difficult conversations?
Addressing pushback directly shows respect and allows for clarification. It demonstrates a commitment to the employee's growth.
How can teams proactively address potential conflicts before they escalate?
By openly discussing individual conflict resolution styles, decision-making processes, and expectations regarding company culture.
What are some signs that a team's challenges stem from process issues rather than a lack of patience?
A lack of a clear plan, uncomfortable silence surrounding the problem, and a general sense of uncertainty about how the situation will resolve itself.
What is the value of a "personal operating manual" in a team setting?
It fosters better communication and understanding by clearly outlining individual work styles, preferences, and potential points of friction.
What advice would you give someone considering a career as a coach?
Develop the ability to listen deeply and ask probing questions to understand the underlying motivations and perspectives of others.
Show Notes
Alisa Cohn is an executive coach who has worked with C-suite executives at startups like Venmo, Etsy, Wirecutter, and DraftKings, and Fortune 500 companies like Microsoft, Google, Pfizer, Dell, and IBM. Inc. Magazine named Alisa one of the top 100 leadership speakers, and she was named one of the Top 50 coaches in the world by Thinkers50 and the #1 startup coach for the past four years by Global Gurus. She is also the author of From Start-Up to Grown-Up, which won the 2022 Independent Press Award and the American Book Fest 2023 Best Book Award for Entrepreneurship, and is the creator and host of a podcast of the same name. In our conversation, we discuss:
• The psychology behind why we avoid difficult conversations
• Specific scripts for having five common difficult conversations
• How to handle defensive reactions in the moment
• The three questions you should end every meeting with
• “The founder prenup” that every founding team should work through
• Common leadership myths
• Stories of failure from Alisa’s career
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Find the transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/scripts-for-difficult-conversations-alisa-cohn
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Where to find Alisa Cohn:
• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/alisacohn
• Website: https://www.alisacohn.com
• Podcast: https://www.alisacohn.com/podcast
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Where to find Lenny:
• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com
• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan
• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/
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In this episode, we cover:
(00:00 ) Alisa’s background
(04:48 ) Having difficult conversations
(12:48 ) Scripts for performance feedback
(20:20 ) How to respond when someone is defensive or upset
(25:07 ) Scripts for handling promotion disappointments
(31:00 ) Scripts for handling terminations
(35:44 ) The importance of positive feedback
(38:49 ) Understanding your job as a leader
(44:55 ) Recognizing your own blind spots
(49:38 ) Three vital questions to ask in every meeting
(55:57 ) The founder prenup
(01:08:24 ) Failure corner
(01:13:00 ) Final thoughts and lightning round
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Referenced:
• Alisa’s free PDF downloads for Lenny’s listeners: https://www.alisacohn.com/Lenny/
• Radical Candor: From theory to practice with author Kim Scott: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/radical-candor-from-theory-to-practice
• Non-Violent Communication (NVC) Model: https://www.ucop.edu/ombuds/_files/nvc-model-requesting-change-remove.pdf
• Sheryl Sandberg on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/sheryl-sandberg-5126652
• How embracing emotions will accelerate your career | Joe Hudson (executive coach, Art of Accomplishment): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/embracing-your-emotions-joe-hudson
• Joe Gebbia on X: https://x.com/jgebbia
• Noam Wasserman on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/noam-wasserman-462425
• Core Values List: https://jamesclear.com/core-values
• How Cofounders Can Prevent Their Relationship from Derailing: https://hbr.org/2022/04/how-cofounders-can-prevent-their-relationship-from-derailing
• Inside Out 2 on Disney+: https://www.disneyplus.com/movies/inside-out-2/6MeZYf9JkFii
• Ninja CREAMi: https://www.amazon.com/Ninja-NC299AMZ-Milkshakes-One-Touch-Container/dp/B09QV24FFZ
• Joseph Campbell quote: https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/136819-if-the-path-before-you-is-clear-you-re-probably-on
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Recommended books:
• From Start-Up to Grown-Up: Grow Your Leadership to Grow Your Business: https://www.amazon.com/Start-Up-Grown-Up-Grow-Leadership-Business/dp/1398601403
• Radical Candor: Be a Kick-Ass Boss Without Losing Your Humanity: https://www.amazon.com/Radical-Candor-Revised-Kick-Ass-Humanity/dp/1250235375
• Working Backwards: Insights, Stories, and Secrets from Inside Amazon: https://www.amazon.com/Working-Backwards-Insights-Stories-Secrets/dp/1250267595
• Unpacking Amazon’s unique ways of working | Bill Carr (author of Working Backwards): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/unpacking-amazons-unique-ways-of
• Walt Disney: The Triumph of the American Imagination: https://www.amazon.com/Walt-Disney-Triumph-American-Imagination/dp/0679757473
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